Room heaters are usually used as an extra heat source (sometimes called secondary heating), alongside a main heating system. However, in some dwellings, like flats, they could be the main heating system.

They can be useful if you need to heat one room for a limited time or give an extra boost of warmth to someone who needs it. But they can be expensive if used over a long period of time because they consume a lot of gas or electricity.

If you’re looking for our information on night storage heaters go here.

What kind of room heater is best?

There are many options! To be most efficient, you should use the right heater for the space you want to heat, otherwise you may have a high running cost but not feel any warmer.

You should carefully control the temperature and the time you have the heater on. Heaters with these controls are usually cheaper to run.

The first thing to think about is what purpose you want it to serve.

1) Heating a whole room for a few hours or more

To warm up a room for longer periods of time, you should use a convector heater (often called panel heaters). These heaters work by warming the air immediately next to them. The warm air then naturally circulates around the room. They take a little longer to work, but this type of heater can be easily controlled with a timer and thermostat, so you don’t overheat the room or waste any energy (or money).

2) Heating a room for a short period of time

For a quick blast of warmth, or for more directional heating, you should use radiant heaters. These work quickly and are useful if you only want to warm up part of a room or a person for a short period. That’s because they only heat what’s in front of them.

Unlike convector heaters, radiant heaters don’t achieve an even level of heat throughout the room so they might not give you the same level of comfort over time. They rarely have thermostats or timers, which can make their running costs more expensive over long periods.

There are many different types of radiant and convector room heaters, and they can use gas or electricity. Find out more about the different options below.

Electric room heaters

Electric room heaters are considered to be 100% efficient because all the electricity used is converted into heat. But this doesn’t mean they are cheap to run.

To calculate the running cost, you need to look at the power rating of the heater, shown in kilowatts (kW). The higher the power rating the more heat will be produced, but also the cost will be proportionally higher.

This table shows typical running costs for a range of electric room heaters. Costs are for using the heater on the highest setting and for the whole hour, although you might not always need to run it for this long.

Heater	Typical power rating	Running cost per hour (single-rate meter)*	Running cost per hour (economy 7, night)*	cost per hour (economy 7, day)*
Bar fire	2 kW	55p	30p	66p
Convector heater	2 kW	55p	30p	66p
Oil-filled radiator	1.5 kW	42p	23p	50p
Fan heater	2 kW	55p	30p	66p
Halogen heater	1.2 kW	33p	18p	40p

Halogen heaters tend to be the cheapest radiant heaters as they have a low power rating (but also produce less heat), while oil-filled radiators are often the cheapest convector heater because there is a thermostat to control the temperature.

Portable infrared heaters are getting a lot of attention at the moment, with manufacturers claiming that they save energy and are cheap to run. But are they any good?

On the plus side, infrared heating can suit some homes, for instance where people spend a lot of time sitting rather than moving around, or where rooms are draughty or poorly insulated.

On the negative side, these are radiant heaters so there will be no warmth lingering in the air once the heater is turned off. Further, if an infrared heater is the only heat source in a room, there’s a risk of damp because the air in the room remains cold which means it condenses on cold surfaces.

In brief …

If you want to use an electric room heater, use it only when necessary and consider the following:

• Use a timer if it has one, if not, you can buy a time switch for the plug.
• A thermostat will reduce running costs, but by how much depends on lots of factors, such as room size, insulation levels and making sure the thermostat is not turned up too high.
• If you are on Economy 7, avoid using heaters for long periods within peak hours if you can. It’s better to use night storage heaters that are charged at night.

Gas room heaters

Gas heaters are not as energy efficient as electric heaters because while much of the gas is converted into heat, some is lost through the combustion process. However, because mains gas is usually cheaper than electricity, the cost of running heaters that use mains gas means they can be more economical.

Gas heaters can be run on mains gas, or LPG (liquid petroleum gas) also known as bottled gas. If you are thinking of installing a gas heater you need to check current safety regulations as some fixed heaters require flues or chimneys, to ventilate combustion gases and moisture out the home.

Portable gas heaters don’t need flues; however, it is critical that the room is well ventilated. Otherwise, there is a risk from carbon monoxide and other combustion gases accumulating. Also, these types of heaters release a lot of water vapour that can cause condensation, damp and mould problems if the room isn’t properly ventilated.

Gas heaters have a heat output rating and an efficiency rating.

Heat output is an indication of how much heat the appliance emits to the room, and the efficiency is how much of the fuel is converted into heat. It is important to consider both; if you have two heaters with the same heat output, the heater with a higher efficiency will be cheaper to run as it will use less fuel to provide the same amount of heat whereas the heater with lower efficiency will burn more fuel to achieve the same output.

The table below calculates the typical running cost of various heaters using mains gas and LPG, based on the average heat output and efficiency rating of the appliance..

These are based on the heaters being on full power one hour, without a thermostat to regulate the temperature. Actual costs will vary, but what’s important is how they compare with each other.

Heater	Typical output	Average efficiency	Fuel Input Needed	Running cost per hour (mains gas)*	Running cost per hour (LPG)*
Radiant gas fire	5 kW	60%	8.3kW	49p	£1.05
Gas convector heater	3 kW	60%	5kW	30p	£0.63
Open decorative gas fire	2.5 kW	28%	8.92kW	53p	£1.13
Closed decorative gas fire	4 kW	60%	6.67kW	39p	£0.84
Bottled gas heater	4 kW	92%	4.35kW	n/a	£0.55

Is it cheaper to heat one room with an electric heater?

The answer depends on what your heating needs are, the type of electric heater you’re using, and what your main heating is.

If you are only using one room – for example, because there are only one or two people in your home and you’re going to be in the same room for while – then using an oil filled radiator may work out cheaper than running your gas central heating during that time. However, if you use a high wattage heater like a fan heater for a long time this may well work out as more expensive than having your central heating on.

If your household has more people in who are likely to be using other rooms, then heating only one room may not be an option.

Also, heating just one room only in cold weather could lead to damp and mould problems in the parts of your home that you’re not heating. This is because the air in those rooms remains cold meaning it cannot hold much moisture, which then condenses to water on any cold surfaces which can cause mould to grow.

Summary

Electric room heaters are the most expensive type of space heating so are not appropriate as a main heating source, apart from in homes which are very well insulated and only need a small amount of heat. A central heating system powered by an air source heat pump or gas or oil boiler will be cheaper to run. So, when considering the best option to heat your home over a sustained period, central heating is likely to work out cheaper.